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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#using-cron-to-perform-background-jobs">Using cron to perform background jobs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#reducing-system-load">Reducing system load</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="server-tuning">
<h1>Server tuning<a class="headerlink" href="#server-tuning" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="using-cron-to-perform-background-jobs">
<h2>Using cron to perform background jobs<a class="headerlink" href="#using-cron-to-perform-background-jobs" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_server/background_jobs_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Background jobs</span></a> for a description and the
benefits.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reducing-system-load">
<h2>Reducing system load<a class="headerlink" href="#reducing-system-load" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>High system load will slow down Nextcloud and might also lead to other unwanted
side effects. To reduce load you should first identify the source of the problem.
Tools such as htop, iotop, <a class="reference external" href="https://my-netdata.io">netdata</a> or
<a class="reference external" href="https://nicolargo.github.io/glances/">glances</a>
will help to identify the process or the drive that slows down your system. First
you should make sure that you installed/assigned enough RAM. Swap usage should be
prevented by all means. If you run your database inside a VM, you should not
store it inside a VM image file. Better put it on a dedicated block device to
reduce latency due to multiple abstraction layers.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="caching">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>Caching<a class="headerlink" href="#caching" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Caching improves performance by storing data, code, and other objects in memory.
Memory cache configuration for the Nextcloud server must be installed and configured.
See <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_server/caching_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Memory caching</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-mariadb-mysql-instead-of-sqlite">
<h2>Using MariaDB/MySQL instead of SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#using-mariadb-mysql-instead-of-sqlite" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>MySQL or MariaDB are preferred because of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sqlite.org/whentouse.html">performance limitations of
SQLite with highly concurrent applications</a>, like Nextcloud.</p>
<p>See the section <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_database/linux_database_configuration.html"><span class="doc">Database configuration</span></a> for how to
configure Nextcloud for MySQL or MariaDB. If your installation is already running on
SQLite then it is possible to convert to MySQL or MariaDB using the steps provided
in <a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_database/db_conversion.html"><span class="doc">Converting database type</span></a>.</p>
<p>In smaller installations you might not want to set up a separate cache. However
you can still tune your database. The following example is suited for a database
smaller than 1GB. MySQL will consume up to 1GB of RAM for caching. Please make
sure that your system has sufficient free RAM after the change, so that it does
not start to use your swap partition, when it receives a burst of requests. In
the given example your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf</span></code> might contain the
following lines. (beware that this is the block for mysqld not mysql)</p>
<div class="code ini highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mysqld</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">innodb_buffer_pool_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">G</span>
<span class="n">innodb_io_capacity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4000</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-redis-based-transactional-file-locking">
<h2>Using Redis-based transactional file locking<a class="headerlink" href="#using-redis-based-transactional-file-locking" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>File locking is enabled by default, using the database locking backend. This
places a significant load on your database. See the section
<a class="reference internal" href="../configuration_files/files_locking_transactional.html"><span class="doc">Transactional file locking</span></a> for how to
configure Nextcloud to use Redis-based Transactional File Locking.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ssl-encryption-app">
<h2>SSL / encryption app<a class="headerlink" href="#ssl-encryption-app" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>SSL (HTTPS) and file encryption/decryption can be offloaded to a processor’s
AES-NI extension. This can both speed up these operations while lowering
processing overhead. This requires a processor with the <a class="reference external" href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_instruction_set">AES-NI instruction set</a>.</p>
<p>Here are some examples how to check if your CPU / environment supports the
AES-NI extension:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>For each CPU core present: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grep</span> <span class="pre">flags</span> <span class="pre">/proc/cpuinfo</span></code> or as a summary for
all cores: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grep</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre">^flags</span> <span class="pre">/proc/cpuinfo</span></code> If the result contains any
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aes</span></code>, the extension is present.</li>
<li>Search eg. on the Intel web if the processor used supports the extension
<a class="reference external" href="http://ark.intel.com/MySearch.aspx?AESTech=true">Intel Processor Feature Filter</a> You may set a filter by
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"AES</span> <span class="pre">New</span> <span class="pre">Instructions"</span></code> to get a reduced result set.</li>
<li>For versions of openssl >= 1.0.1, AES-NI does not work via an engine and
will not show up in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openssl</span> <span class="pre">engine</span></code> command. It is active by default
on the supported hardware. You can check the openssl version via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">openssl</span>
<span class="pre">version</span> <span class="pre">-a</span></code></li>
<li>If your processor supports AES-NI but it does not show up eg via grep or
coreinfo, it is maybe disabled in the BIOS.</li>
<li>If your environment runs virtualized, check the virtualization vendor for
support.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="enable-http2-for-faster-loading">
<h2>Enable HTTP2 for faster loading<a class="headerlink" href="#enable-http2-for-faster-loading" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>HTTP2 has <a class="reference external" href="https://www.troyhunt.com/i-wanna-go-fast-https-massive-speed-advantage/">huge speed improvements</a> over HTTP with multiple request. Most <a class="reference external" href="http://caniuse.com/#feat=http2">browsers already support HTTP2 over SSL (HTTPS)</a>. So refer to your server manual for guides on how to use HTTP2.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tune-php-fpm">
<h2>Tune PHP-FPM<a class="headerlink" href="#tune-php-fpm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you are using a default installation of php-fpm you might have noticed
excessive load times on the web interface or even sync issues. This is due
to the fact that each simultaneous request of an element is handled by a
separate PHP-FPM process. So even on a small installation you should allow
more processes to run. For example on a machine with 4GB of RAM and 1GB of
MySQL cache following values in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">www.conf</span></code> file should work:</p>
<div class="code ini highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dynamic</span>
<span class="n">pm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_children</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">120</span>
<span class="n">pm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start_servers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="n">pm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min_spare_servers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="n">pm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_spare_servers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">18</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Depending on your current PHP version you should find this file e.g. under <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf</span></code></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="enable-php-opcache">
<h2>Enable PHP OPcache<a class="headerlink" href="#enable-php-opcache" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/intro.opcache.php">OPcache</a> improves the performance of PHP applications by caching precompiled bytecode. We recommend at least the following settings:</p>
<div class="code ini highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">opcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">enable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">opcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interned_strings_buffer</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="n">opcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_accelerated_files</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10000</span>
<span class="n">opcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">memory_consumption</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">128</span>
<span class="n">opcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save_comments</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">opcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">revalidate_freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more details check out the <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/opcache.configuration.php">official documentation</a> or <a class="reference external" href="https://www.scalingphpbook.com/blog/2014/02/14/best-zend-opcache-settings.html">this blog post about some recommended settings</a>.</p>
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